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There are many very well done binary to decimal tutorials available already online and discussing binary to decimal conversion here is beyond the scope of this discussion. The significance of lower case b indicates bits, upper case B indicates bytes. In computer systems, counting begins with the number 0. Where the Most Significant bit (MSb) is indicated by bit position b7 and the Least Significant bit (LSb) is indicated by bit position b0. (which is 2^0) and double it at each bit position moving to the left. The easiest way toĭetermine the decimal weighting is to start on the right with the number 1 Power of the position starting at the far right position: b0 (bit 0). Note: The convention for displaying bits is to group in nibbles (4 bits) toĮach bit position in a byte has a decimal weighting, where the weighting is equal to 2 to the Where 0000 0000 represents 0 in decimal and 1111 1111 represents 255 in Information can represent a range of 0 - 255. Represents 1 byte and is displayed as a decimal number. The typical Class C network mask 255.255.255.0 represents 32 bits or 4 bytes of data. In order to understand the process of borrowing bits used by subnetting, a discussion onīinary to decimal number conversion is required. In subnetting a network it is important to recognize the class of the network that we start from. Subnet masks differ from network masks in that they borrow host bits to divide the network. Using subnet masks to divide networks into smaller networks is called having a classless network. Subnet masks can divide networks into smaller networks than discussed previously. A network can cover a large geographical area with branch offices in other physical locations. Subnets can be geographically separate but still be part of the network.
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A service provider can subnet its network and lease its subnets to other entities. Networks can be subnetted based on the ownership of the subnets. Only interdepartmental traffic is allowed between networks. Engineering has limited access to Accounting and so on.Įach department's network traffic is restricted to its own network.
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There are many reasons for subnetting a network:Įach department in a company can be logically and physically separated from the other departments. The term for dividing networks into smaller subnets is called subnetting. The solution is to divide the class network into smaller subnetworks or subnets for short. In the real world, pretty much all networks do not fit the class system. Using the class system is referred to as having a classful network. Each class of network only provides for a fixed number of networks (125, 16,382 or 2,097,150) and a fixed number of hosts (16,777,214, 65,534 or 254). The classes of networks do not provide much flexibility in designing a network. Introduction to Subnetting - Introduction to Data Communications